Sixties
Within the Sixties Dartmouth BASIC programming language [7] was designed and carried out at Dartmouth Faculty by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. Over time BASIC grew to become a preferred language for residence customers, and enterprise use, it launched many individuals to programming as a passion or profession. Most of the fashionable ideas of pc graphics, dynamic objects and object oriented programming had been prototyped by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in Sketchpad [13][14]. Within the mid Sixties Seymour Papert, a mathematician who had been working with Piaget in Geneva, got here to the USA the place he co-founded the MIT Synthetic Intelligence Laboratory with Marvin Minsky. Papert labored with the workforce from Bolt, Beranek and Newman, led by Wallace Feurzeig that created the primary model of Brand [25] in 1967. Within the late sixties Alan Kay [2][3][17] used the time period ‘private pc’ and created an idea prototype, the FLEX Machine, he additionally envisaged a ‘Dynabook’ machine, the sketches for this look similar to the laptop computer computer systems of current years. The Simula [28] language was developed by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard and this included Object-Oriented ideas. Douglas Engelbert’s labored on a mission to enhance the human mind, as a part of the Increase [8] mission he show Hypertext and video conferencing.
Nineteen Seventies
Alan Kay joined the Xerox Palo Alto Analysis Middle (PARC) [17][19] California in 1971. All through the seventies the group at PARC led by Dr. Kay developed an built-in programming language and programming setting referred to as Smalltalk [10]. Within the early seventies the Alto private pc was created on the PARC. The Alto ultimately featured the world’s first What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) editor, a business mouse for enter, a graphical consumer interface (GUI), and bit-mapped show, and supplied menus and icons, and linked to a neighborhood space community. The Alto offered the inspiration for Xerox’s STAR 8010 Data System. There was nonetheless a must discover a widespread use for a private pc that will enhance the demand for it. In 1978, Harvard Enterprise College pupil, Daniel Bricklin, got here up with the concept for an interactive seen calculator. Bricklin and Bob Frankston then co-invented the software program program VisiCalc [1]. VisiCalc was a spreadsheet, and the primary ‘killer’ utility for private computer systems as this utility offered a justification for utilizing private computer systems as a productive instrument.
Nineteen Eighties
Through the Nineteen Eighties possession of non-public computer systems grew to become more and more fashionable and plenty of residence customers programmed utilizing BASIC. Within the early eighties IBM developed the primary private pc constructed from off the shelf components (referred to as open structure) [15]. This included a command line working system written by Microsoft and the Microsoft BASIC programming language. Apple developed the GUI additional for the Lisa [5] that later grew to become the Macintosh (Mac). The IBM model PC grew to become hottest for enterprise functions, whereas the Apple Mac was usually used for Desktop publishing.
Nineties
Finish Person Programming analysis has continued to the current day. Analysis has continued in methods of Visible Programming [9] e.g. Alice [4], Programming by Instance [2][21], programming with automated help [20], and Pure Language Programming [27]. Squeak and Croquet[6] have developed from the early work in Smalltalk.
Tim Berners-Lee [23] developed HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and has been concerned with the World Broad Internet Consortium (W3C) [29] in creating requirements base languages for the Internet. This has inspired the expansion of the ‘Semantic Internet’ [11] which permits each people and computer systems to look and work together with pages extra and so inspired the event of interactive internet pages and communities.
2000s
Latest, current and future analysis can allow using semantic internet applied sciences, (developed from HTML by Tim Berners-Lee [23] and others), to allow Finish Person Programming. This fusion of analysis and applied sciences is illustrated by Henry Lieberman’s residence web page [12] which has explanations of each areas of analysis. Examples of this fusion embody Protégé [22], Jena [16], TopBraid Composer [24], and OpenCyc [18]. Details about these applied sciences is offered in my semantic internet web page – http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm. A associated improvement is that of internet 2.0. Visible improvement environments based mostly on AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML) [26] goal to breed on the internet, the performance offered by workplace instruments akin to Excel (which is usually used as an Finish Person Programming Setting). Details about Ajax and Internet 2.0 is offered in my Ajax/web2.0 web page – http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm.
References
1. A Transient Historical past of Spreadsheets – http://dssresources.com/history/sshistory.html – Choice Help System Assets – by D. J. Energy, Editor, DSSResources.COM.
2. Alan Kay – http://www.acypher.com/wwid/FrontMatter/index.html – Watch What I Do – Programming by Instance.
3. Alan Kay ETech 2003 presentation – http://www.lisarein.com/alankay/tour.html – Lisa Rein’s Tour Of Alan Kay’s Etech 2003 Presentation.
4. Alice v2.0 – http://www.alice.org/ – Be taught to Program Interactive 3D Graphics.
5. Apple Lisa – http://fp3.antelecom.net/gcifu/applemuseum/lisa2.html – The First Reasonably priced GUI – Lisa 1 Jan-83 Jan-84, Lisa 2 Jan-84 Apr-85.
6. Croquet – http://www.opencroquet.org/ – a brand new open supply software program platform for creating deeply collaborative multi-user on-line functions.
7. Dartmouth BASIC – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC – Wikipedia.
8. The Demo – http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/1968Demo.html – Stanford College.
9. Dmoz Open Listing Challenge – http://dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Visual/ – Visible Languages – Programming Languages Reference – Visible Languages.
10. The Early Historical past Of Smalltalk by Alan Kay – http://www.smalltalk.org/smalltalk/TheEarlyHistoryOfSmalltalk_II.html – 1967-69–The FLEX Machine, a primary try at an OOP-based private pc – Alan Kay – Smalltalk.org.
11. Fifteen Years of the Internet – http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5243862.stm – Web Timeline – BBC Expertise.
12. Henry Lieberman – http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/ – Analysis Scientist – MIT Media Laboratory.
13. Historical past of HCI – http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/presentations/HCI-history – Key programs, individuals and concepts – Presentation by Matthias Rauterberg.
14. Historical past of HCI – Sketchpad (1963) – http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/presentations/HCI-history/sld020.htm – Ivan Sutherland – MIT Lab – Presentation by Matthias Rauterberg.
15. Inventors of the Trendy Pc – http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa031599.htm -The Historical past of the IBM PC – Worldwide Enterprise Machines.
16. Jena – [http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings.html] – First Jena Person Convention – Proceedings.
17. Kyoto Prize Laureates 2004 – [http://www.kyotoprize.org/commentary_kay.htm] – 2004 Kyoto Prize Laureates – Dr. Alan Curtis Kay (U.S.A., b. 1940) – Pc Scientist, President, Viewpoints Analysis Institute.
18. OpenCyc – http://www.opencyc.org/ – OpenCyc.org – Normal information base and commonsense reasoning engine.
19. Palo Alto Analysis Middle (PARC) – Historical past – [http://www.parc.xerox.com/about/history/default.html] – PARC Historical past.
20. The Programmer’s Apprentice – http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=87912&dl=ACM&coll=GUIDE – The ACM Digital Library.
21. Programming by Instance – http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/PBE/index.html.
22. Protege – http://protege.stanford.edu/ – Protégé Residence – Ontology Improvement Setting.
23. Tim Berners – [http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Lee] – Tim Berners-Lee.
24. TopBraid – http://www.topbraidcomposer.com/ – Semantic Modeling Toolset – Visible modeling setting.
25. What’s Brand? – http://el.media.mit.edu/Logo-foundation/logo/index.html – MIT Brand Basis, What’s Brand.
26. Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_%28programming%29 – Ajax (programming).
27. Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_and_computation – Pure language processing.
28. Simula – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula – Simula.
29. World Broad Internet Consortium (W3C) – http://www.w3.org – Main the Internet to Its Full Potential….
Posted By: Peter Hale on https://ezinearticles.com/?Historical past-of-Finish-Person-Programming&id=281428
